1. a city
   1. one’s native city, the city in which one lives
   2. the heavenly Jerusalem
      1. the abode of the blessed in heaven
      2. of the visible capital in the heavenly kingdom, to come down to earth after the renovation of the world by fire
   3. the inhabitants of a city

What Does Polis Mean in Greek in Context of the Bible?

The word “polis” in Greek translates to “city” or “city-state,” and it plays a significant role in both ancient Greek culture and the biblical narrative. The term is deeply intertwined with social, political, and religious aspects of life in ancient times. To comprehend the implications of “polis” within the context of the Bible, it is essential to delve into its historical usage and the various meanings it carries.

The Definition and Historical Background of Polis

“Polis” is derived from the ancient Greek word that denotes a body of citizens living together in a specific geographic area. This concept of a city-state was fundamental in ancient Greek culture, particularly during the classical period, where each polis operated independently with its own government, laws, and customs. Famous examples include Athens, Sparta, and Thebes.

The significance of the polis extended beyond its physical boundaries. It represented a complete way of life—a community where people shared common values, beliefs, and a vision for their future. The concept of citizenship in a polis emphasized not only legal rights but also responsibilities and engagement in civic life.

Polis in the Old Testament

The Old Testament does not frequently use the term “polis” in the Greek translation, known as the Septuagint. However, the concept of the city is prominently featured throughout various books. Cities like Jerusalem and Babylon are not just geographical locations; they symbolize spiritual and political themes.

For example, Jerusalem is referred to as the “holy city.” This designation goes beyond its physical structure, representing a center of worship and God’s presence among His people. Conversely, Babylon symbolizes rebellion against God and moral decay, often depicted as a city of destruction and exile for the Israelites.

When we consider the community aspect of a polis, the cities in the Old Testament showcase that interaction among people strengthens faith and societal structures. The relationship among citizens within a city reflects their relationship with God, emphasizing the importance of community in spiritual development.

Polis in the New Testament

In the New Testament, the use of “polis” becomes more relevant as the context shifts from a predominantly Jewish audience to include Gentiles. The New Testament writers often used the term “polis” to describe locations central to the early Christian movement.

For instance, references to cities like Corinth, Ephesus, and Philippi are consistent throughout the letters of Paul. Each of these city-states had a diverse population, a bustling marketplace, and various cultural influences that shaped the beliefs of their citizens. Paul’s letter to the Corinthians, for example, addresses issues within a complex and morally ambiguous urban environment, illustrating the challenges of maintaining faith in a diverse polis.

Acts 17 highlights Paul’s experiences in Athens, which was one of the most influential city-states in ancient Greece. Here, Paul encounters different philosophies and ideas, leading him to engage with the people of Athens. This interaction demonstrates how the early church navigated the complexities of urban life and how Christian doctrine played a role in transforming the community.

The Role of Polis in Early Christianity

The early Christian community often viewed itself as a polis, but one that transcended physical boundaries. The teachings of Jesus and the Apostles emphasized an alternative city—a “Heavenly City” where believers could find their identity and purpose beyond earthly institutions.

The Apostle Paul used citizenship language to encourage believers, drawing contrasts between their earthly polis and their ultimate belonging in the Kingdom of Heaven. Philippians 3:20 states, “But our citizenship is in heaven,” indicating that the early Christians understood themselves as part of a spiritual polis rather than just physical cities. This understanding reinforced communal bonds among early believers, creating a spiritual community that encouraged mutual support and growth in faith.

Modern Implications of Polis in Biblical Studies

Today’s biblical scholars and theologians often discuss the implications of polis when studying the early church. The lessons learned from the cities in the New Testament can inspire modern communities to reflect on their roles and responsibilities. The communal aspects of ancient polis can serve as a model for engaging with social issues in contemporary urban settings.

Furthermore, understanding “polis” helps scholars and readers alike to grasp the significance of social interactions and communal ethics in biblical texts. It invites readers to consider how they live out their faith in their cities today—encouraging love, support, and outreach in both local and global communities.

Conclusion

The term “polis” reminds us of the foundational role of community in both ancient Greek society and biblical narratives. It captures the essence of life in cities during that time and provides context to many biblical stories. By appreciating the layers of meaning attached to “polis,” readers can deepen their understanding of Scripture and its call toward a vibrant, engaged community of believers.

Common Questions Related to What Does Polis Mean In Greek In Context Of The Bible

Q. What does “polis” literally translate to in English?

A. “Polis” literally translates to “city” or “city-state” in English.

Q. How does the term “polis” apply to Jerusalem in the Bible?

A. In the Bible, Jerusalem is seen as the “holy city,” representing a central place of worship and God’s presence among His people.

Q. Why is “polis” significant in the New Testament?

A. In the New Testament, “polis” signifies city-states where the early Christian church spread, highlighting challenges believers faced in urban environments.

Q. What were some important Greek city-states mentioned in the Bible?

A. Important Greek city-states mentioned include Corinth, Ephesus, and Athens, each reflecting diverse cultures and philosophies.

Q. How did early Christians view themselves in relation to “polis”?

A. Early Christians viewed themselves as part of a spiritual community or “Heavenly City,” emphasizing their ultimate citizenship in the Kingdom of Heaven.

Q. Can the concept of “polis” change how we see biblical teachings on community?

A. Yes, understanding “polis” helps us appreciate the emphasis on community and mutual support found throughout Scripture.

Q. How does “polis” connect to citizenship in Christian theology?

A. “Polis” connects to citizenship as the Apostle Paul often spoke of believers as citizens of heaven, encouraging them to live faithfully in their earthly cities.

Q. What does the term “heavenly polis” mean?

A. The term “heavenly polis” refers to the spiritual community that believers belong to, transcending earthly cities and focusing on their relationship with God.

Q. In what ways can modern communities learn from the ancient concept of “polis”?

A. Modern communities can learn from “polis” about the importance of social responsibility, civic engagement, and fostering supportive ecosystems for believers.

Q. How does the study of “polis” enhance our understanding of biblical texts?

A. Studying “polis” enriches our understanding of the cultural and social dynamics present in biblical texts, making the messages more relevant to contemporary life.